Summarize Written Text: October 2018

Wednesday, October 31, 2018

PTE Writing - Summarize Written Text Practice Samples

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Writing - Summarize Written Text Practice Samples

Summarize Written Text Question 20 - Asking Questions

All non-human animals are constrained by the tools that nature has bequeathed them through natural selection. They are not capable of striving towards truth; they simply absorb information and behave in ways useful for their survival. The kinds of knowledge they require of the world have been largely pre-selected by evolution. No animal is capable of asking questions or generating problems that are irrelevant to its immediate circumstances or its evolutionarily-designed needs. When a beaver builds a dam, it doesn’t ask itself why it does so, or whether there is a better way of doing it. When a swallow flies south, it doesn’t wonder why it is hotter in Africa or what would happen if it flew still further south.

Humans do ask themselves these and many other kinds of questions, questions that have no relevance, indeed make little sense, in the context of evolved needs and goals. What marks out humans is our capacity to go beyond our naturally-defined goals such as the need to find food, shelter or a mate and to establish human-created goals.

Some contemporary thinkers believe that there are indeed certain questions that humans are incapable of answering because of our evolved nature. Steven Pinker, for instance, argues that “Our minds evolved by natural selection to solve problems that were life-and-death matters to our ancestors, not to commune with correctness or to answer any question we are capable of asking. We cannot hold ten thousand words in our short-term memory. We cannot see the ultra-violet light. We cannot mentally rotate an object in the fourth dimension. And perhaps we cannot solve conundrums like free will and sentience.”

Answer - Unlike animals that could only absorb information pre-selected by nature, humans can ask themselves questions which are irrelevant to naturally-defined needs and goals and some people believe that humans are also incapable of answering some questions due to the evolved nature.

PTE Summarize Written Text Paragraphs - Practice Test 19

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Paragraphs

Summarize Written Text Question 19 - The Problem Of Prediction

As far as prediction is concerned, remember that the chairman of IBM predicted in the fifties that the world would need a maximum of around half a dozen computers, that the British Department for Education seemed to think in the eighties that we would all need to be able to code in BASIC and that in the nineties Microsoft failed to foresee the rapid growth of the Internet. Who could have predicted that one major effect of the automobile would be to bankrupt small shops across the nation? Could the early developers of the telephone have foreseen its development as a medium for person-to-person communication, rather than as a form of a broadcasting medium? We all, including the ‘experts’, seem to be peculiarly inept at predicting the likely development of our technologies, even as far as the next year. We can, of course, try to extrapolate from the experience of previous technologies, as I do below by comparing the technology of the Internet with the development of other information and communication technologies and by examining the earlier development of radio and print. But how justified I might be in doing so remains an open question. You might conceivably find the history of the British and French videotex systems, Prestel and Minitel, instructive. However, I am not entirely convinced that they are very relevant, nor do I know where you can find information about them on-line, so, rather than take up space here, I’ve briefly described them in a separate article.

Answer - We all, including expert, seem to be unlikely to predict the development of our, even recent, technologies, though you could compare them with earlier technologies and find relevant information.

PTE Academic Writing Test 18 - Summarize Written Text

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Academic Writing Test 18

Summarize Written Text Question 18 - Country Living

Live in the country and last three years longer than my city friends? Good news indeed, more backing for a lifestyle choice made half a lifetime ago when it seemed a good idea to exchange an Edinburgh terrace for a farm cottage.

I knew it was a good idea because I had been there before. Born and reared on a farm I had been seduced for a few years by the idea of being a big shot who lived and worked in a city rather than only going for the day to wave at the buses.

True, I was familiar with some of the minor disadvantages of country living such as an iffy private water supply sometimes infiltrated by a range of flora and fauna (including, on one memorable occasion, a dead lamb), the absence of central heating in farmhouses and cottages, and a single track farm road easily blocked by snow, broken-down machinery or escaped livestock.

But there were many advantages as I told Liz back in the mid-Seventies. Town born and bred, eight months pregnant and exchanging a warm, substantial Corstorphine terrace for a windswept farm cottage on a much lower income, persuading her that country had it over town might have been difficult.

Answer - Although there are many advantages of country living, it is still difficult to persuade a town- born and bred person to live in the country due to disadvantages and inconvenience of country living life.

PTE Writing Summarize Written Text Examples - Practice Test 17

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Writing Summarize Written Text Examples

Summarize Written Text Question 17 - House Mice

According to new research, house mice (Mus musculus) are ideal biomarkers of human settlement, as they tend to stow away in crates or on ships that end up going where people go. Using mice as a proxy for human movement can add to what is already known through archaeological data and answer important questions in areas where there is a lack of artefacts, Searle said.

Where people go, so do mice, often stowing away in carts of hay or on ships. Despite a natural range of just 100 meters (109 yards) and an evolutionary base near Pakistan, the house mouse has managed to colonize every continent, which makes it a useful tool for researchers like Searle.

Previous research conducted by Searle at the University of York supported the theory that Australian mice originated in the British Isles and probably came over with convicts shipped there to colonize the continent in the late 18th and 19th centuries.

In the Viking study, he and his fellow researchers in Iceland, Denmark and Sweden took it a step further, using ancient mouse DNA collected from archaeological sites dating from the 10th to 12th centuries, as well as modern mice.

He is hoping to do just that in his next project, which involves tracking the migration of mice and other species, including plants, across the Indian Ocean, from South Asia to East Africa.

Answer - Due to their nature of stowing away around humans, house mice are used by researchers as additional information sources to known archaeological data, to study human settlement and movement.

PTE 100 Real Exam Question Bank 2018 - Practice Samples

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Summarize Written Text Questions - PTE 100 Real Exam Question Bank 2018

PTE 100 Real Exam Question Bank

Beauty Contest

Since Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this country. These wins have also sparked a debate as to whether beauty pageants are just harmless reminders of old-fashioned values or a throwback to the days when women were respected for how good they looked.

Opponents argue that beauty pageants, whether it’s Miss Universe or Miss Teen International, are demeaning to women and out of sync with the times. They say they are nothing more than symbols of decline.

In the past few decades, Australia has taken more than a few faltering steps toward treating women with dignity and respect. Young women are being brought up knowing that they can do anything, as shown by inspiring role models in medicine such as 2003 Australian of the Year Professor Fiona Stanley.

In the 1960s and 70s, one of the first acts of the feminist movement was to picket beauty pageants on the premise that the industry promoted the view that it was acceptable to judges women on their appearance. Today many young Australian women are still profoundly uncomfortable with their body image, feeling under all kinds of pressures because they are judged by how they look.

Almost all of the pageant victors are wafer thin, reinforcing the message that thin equals beautiful. This ignores the fact that men and women come in all sizes and shapes. In a country where up to 60% of young Australians.

Answer - Opponents to beauty pageants argue that it is demeaning to women and is a symbol of decline because, in the past, Australian women were treated with dignity and respect, while beauty pageants, promoted from the 1960s, seem to convey that women could be judged on their appearance.

PTE Summary Writing Samples - Practice Test 15

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summary Writing Samples - Practice Test 15

PTE Summary Writing Samples

Summarize Written Text Question - Comparative Advantages

With an abundance of low-priced labour relative to the United States, it is no surprise that China, India and other developing countries specialize in the production of labour-intensive products. For similar reasons, the United States will specialize in the production of goods that are human- and physical capital intensive because of the relative abundance of a highly-educated labour force and technically sophisticated equipment in the United States.

This division of global production should yield a higher global output of both types of goods that would be the case if each country attempted to produce both of these goods itself. For example, the United States would produce more expensive labour-intensive goods because of its more expensive labour and the developing countries would produce more expensive human and physical capital-intensive goods because of their relative scarcity of these inputs. This logic implies that the United States is unlikely to be a significant global competitor in the production green technologies that are not relatively intensive in the human and physical capital.

Nevertheless, during the early stages of the development of a new technology, the United States has a comparative advantage in the production of the products enabled by this innovation. However, once these technologies become well-understood and production processes are designed that can make use of less-skilled labour, production will migrate to countries with less expensive labour.

Answer - Although some developing countries, such as China, become competent in the production green industries because they have a comparative advantage over the United States, in producing labour intensive goods due to the relatively lower-priced labour, the United States still has a comparative advantage enabled by innovation in the production at the early stage of the development of a new technology.

Real Exam Summarize Written Text PTE Questions and Answers

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Real Exam Summarize Written Text PTE Questions and Answers

Real Exam Summarize Written Text PTE

Summarize Written Text Question 14 - Parents’ Born Order Affect Their Parenting

Parents’ own birth order can become an issue when dynamics in the family they are raising replicate the family in which they were raised. Agati notes common examples, such as a firstborn parent getting into “raging battles” with a firstborn child. “Both are used to getting the last word. Each has to be right. But the parent has to be the grown-up and step out of that battle,” he advises. When youngest children become parents, Agati cautions that because they “may not have had high expectations placed on them, they, in turn, may not see their kids for their abilities.”

But he also notes that since youngest children tend to be more social, “youngest parents can be helpful to their firstborn, who may have a harder time with social situations. These parents can help their eldest kids loosen up and not be so hard on themselves. Mom Susan Ritz says her own birth order didn’t seem to affect her parenting until the youngest of her three children, Julie, was born. Julie was nine years younger than Ritz’s oldest, Joshua, mirroring the age difference between Susan and her own older brother. “I would see Joshua do to Julie what my brother did to me,” she says of the taunting and teasing by a much older sibling.

“I had to try not to always take Julie’s side.” Biases can surface no matter what your own birth position was, as Lori Silverstone points out. “As a middle myself, I can be harder on my older daughter. I recall my older sister hitting me,” she says of her reactions to her daughters’ tussles.

“My husband is a firstborn. He’s always sticking up for the oldest. He feels bad for her that the others came so fast. He helps me to see what that feels like, to have that attention and then lose it.” Silverstone sees birth-order triggers as “an opportunity to heal parts of ourselves. I’ve learned to teach my middle daughter to stand up for herself.

My mother didn’t teach me that. I’m conscious of giving my middle daughter tools so she has a nice way to protect herself.”

Whether or not you subscribe to theories that birth order can affect your child’s personality, ultimately, “we all have free will,” Agati notes. It’s important for both parents and kids to realize that, despite the characteristics often associated with birth order, “you’re not locked into any role.

Answer - Despite the theory that parents’ own birth order can affect their parenting, and that parents usually replicate the family in which they were raised, both parents and children have free will to build up their own personality and characteristics.

Repeated Summarize Written Text PTE with Answers

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Repeated Summarize Written Text PTE with Answers

Summarize Written Text Questions - Napping

A large new study has found that people who regularly took a siesta were significantly less likely to die of heart disease.

“Taking a nap could turn out to be an important weapon in the fight against coronary mortality,” said Dimitrios Trichopoulos of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, who led the study published yesterday in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

The study of more than 23,000 Greek adults — the biggest and best examination of the subject to date — found that those who regularly took a midday siesta were more than 30 percent less likely to die of heart disease.

Other experts said the results are intriguing. Heart disease kills more than 650,000 Americans each year, making it the nation’s No. 1 cause of death.

“It’s interesting. A little siesta, a little snooze may be beneficial,” said Gerald Fletcher, a cardiologist at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla., speaking on behalf of the American Heart Association. “It’s simple, but it has a lot of promise.”

While more research is needed to confirm and explore the findings, there are several ways napping could reduce the risk of heart attacks, experts said.

“Napping may help deal with the stress of daily living,” said Michael Twery, who directs the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s National Center on Sleep Disorders Research. “Another possibility is that it is part of the normal biological rhythm of daily living. The biological clock that drives sleep and wakefulness has two cycles each day, and one of them dips usually in the early afternoon. It’s possible that not engaging in napping for some people might disrupt these processes.”

Researchers have long known that countries such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, where people commonly take siestas, have lower rates of heart disease than would be expected. But previous studies that attempted to study the relationship between naps and heart disease have produced mixed results. The new study is first to try to fully account for factors that might confuse the findings, such as physical activity, diet, and other illnesses.

Answer - Although more research is needed, some studies show that a regular midday siesta could reduce the probability of death caused by heart disease, by helping to deal with stress and biological rhythm of daily living.

Summarize Written Text Online PTE Practice Test 12

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Summarize Written Text Online PTE

Summarize Written Text Question 12

The smallest star yet measured has been discovered by a team of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge. With a size just a sliver larger than that of Saturn, the gravitational pull at its stellar surface is about 300 times stronger than what humans feel on Earth.

The star is likely as small as stars can possibly become, as it has just enough mass to enable the fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium. If it were any smaller, the pressure at the center of the star would no longer be sufficient to enable this process to take place. Hydrogen fusion is also what powers the Sun, and scientists are attempting to replicate it as a powerful energy source here on Earth.

These very small and dim stars are also the best possible candidates for detecting Earth-sized planets which can have liquid water on their surfaces, such as TRAPPIST-1, an ultracool dwarf surrounded by seven temperate Earth-sized worlds.

The newly-measured star, called EBLM J0555-57Ab, is located about six hundred light years away. It is part of a binary system and was identified as it passed in front of its much larger companion, a method which is usually used to detect planets, not stars. Details will be published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Answer - Astronomers have discovered the smallest star called EBLM J0555-57Ab, 600 light years away from Earth, having 300 times more gravitational force than of Earth and is also likely to help detect new Earth-sized worlds; however, the method used in this discovery is usually meant to locate planet..

PTE Summarize Written Text Samples With Answers - Practice Test 11

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Samples With Answers

Summarize Written Text Question 11 - The Khoikhoi

San, people of southern Africa, consisting of several groups and numbering over 85,000 in all. They are generally short in stature; their skin is yellowish brown in colour, and they feature prominent cheekbones. The San have been called Bushmen by whites in South Africa, but the term is now considered derogatory. Although many now work for white settlers, about half are still nomadic hunters and gatherers of wild food in desolate areas like the Kalahari semi-desert, which stretches between today’s Nation States of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Their social unit is the small hunting band; larger organizations are loose and temporary. Grass huts, caves, and rock shelters are used as dwellings. They possess only what they can carry, using poisoned arrowheads to fall game and transporting water in ostrich-egg shells. The San have a rich folklore, are skilled in drawing, and have a remarkably complex language characterized by the use of click sounds, related to that of the Khoikhoi. For thousands of years the San lived in southern and central Africa, but by the time of the Portuguese arrival in the 15th cent., they had already been forced into the interior of southern Africa. In the 18th and 19th cent., they resisted the encroachment on their lands of Dutch settlers, but by 1862 that resistance had been crushed.

Answer - San, short Southern African people with yellowish brown skin colour and prominent cheekbones, are living in primitive ways and small hunting bands previously lived in southern and central Africa.

Summarize Written Text PTE Questions - Practice Test 10

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Summarize Written Text PTE Questions

Pearson Summarize Written Text PTE Questions

Summarize Written Text Question 4 - Food and eating in Australian

In the past two centuries, there has been a dramatic change in the role of food and eating in Australian public consciousness. Public discussion of food was largely confined to matters of supply, distribution and price. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, some newspapers were offering regular columns of advice on housekeeping topics, including menu planning and recipes. However, eating remained a private activity essentially, even when undertaken by the company.

By the late twentieth century, food and eating had become prominent public preoccupations. Evidence of this dramatic cultural revaluation abounds. In bookstores, for example, cookery and all things related to it are often among the larger displays. Speciality stores are selling all manner of cookware, tableware and other paraphernalia associated with food, eating and drinking. Perhaps most telling is the extension of the phenomenon of mass media celebrity to include culinary personalities.

Answer - Although food and eating became a prominent public preoccupation in Australia during the late 20th century, it was earlier a private activity confined to the matters of supply, distribution and price.

PTE Summarize Written Text Sample with Answers - Practice Test 9

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Sample with Answers

Summarize Written Text Question 4 - Presidential Election

According to the United States Constitution, a presidential election is to be held once every fourth year. The process of electing a President and Vice-President begins long before Election Day. Candidates from both major and minor political parties and independent candidates begin to raise money and campaign at least one year in advance of the general presidential election. To officially represent a political party, a candidate must be nominated by that party.

This primary nomination process is a contest that often produces factions within political parties. These divisions impact the policy stances and agendas of the candidates running for nomination as they attempt to garner the support of party leaders and activists. The nominating process officially begins with the first state primaries and caucuses, which usually occur in the month of February of the election year. It is at these local events that voters are given their first chance to participate in electing the nations next President.

Answer - During the Presidential elections in the USA, candidates who are nominated by their political parties start campaigning a year in advance to influence the public as public’s perception leads to caucuses and primaries in few months

PTE Summarize Written Text Template (Practice Test 8)

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Template

PTE Summarize Written Text Template Practice Test 8

One Sentence Template Examples {PTE SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT TEMPLATE}

Template A:

For Description: A ………. is a kind of ………. that ……….

Template B:

For Sequence: ………. begins with, continues with ………. and ends with ……….

Template C:

For Compare/Contrast: ………. and ………. are similar in that both ………., but ………. while ……….

Template D:

For Cause/Effect: ………. causes ……….

Template E:

For Problem/Solution: ………. wanted ………. but ………. so ……….

Summarize Written Text Question 8 - Dinosaur Extinct

What killed off the dinosaurs? The end of the Cretaceous Period saw one of the most dramatic mass extinctions the Earth has ever seen. First of all, let us learn some basic information about “nurse shark”. The fossil record shows that throughout their 160-million-year existence, dinosaurs took on a huge variety of forms as the environment changed and new species evolved that was suited to these new conditions. Others that failed to adopt went extinct. But then 66 million years ago, over a relatively short time, dinosaurs disappeared completely (except for birds). Many other animals also died out, including pterosaurs, large marine reptiles, and other sea creatures such as ammonites.

Although the number of dinosaur species was already declining, this suggests a sudden catastrophic event sealed their fate, causing unfavourable changes to the environment more quickly than dinosaurs and other creatures could adapt.

The exact nature of this catastrophic event is still open to scientific debate. The catastrophe could have been an asteroid impact, volcanic eruptions or the effect of both, together with more gradual changes in the Earth’s climate over millions of years. Whatever the causes, the huge extinction that ended the age of the dinosaur left gaps in the ecosystem that were subsequently filled by mammals and birds, allowing them to evolve rapidly.

Answer - The quick unfavourable changes that took place in the environment lead to the extinction of dinosaurs which resulted in the rapid evolution of mammals and birds to fill the gap created in the ecosystem.

Summarize Written Text Examples Practice Test 7

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Summarize Written Text Examples Practice Test 7 - Electric Eels

Summarize Written Text Examples

The first time I read Von Humboldt’s tale, I thought it was completely bizarre, Catania says. Why would the eels attack the horses instead of swimming away? But then he observed the same behaviour by accident as he transferred the eels in his lab from one tank to another using a metal-rimmed net. Instead of swimming away, larger eels attacked the net by leaping out of the water.

Catania tracked the strength of the eels electric shock by attaching a voltmeter to an aluminium plate, or conductive metal strips to predator objects such as a crocodile head replica. The zap a submerged eel distributes through the water is relatively weak when it reaches the target. But when an eel touches it with its electricity-generating chin, the current travels directly to the target and has to travel through its body before it gets back to the water, Catania reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

This allows the eels to deliver shocks with a maximum amount of power to partially submerged land animals that invade their territory, Catania explains. It also allows them to electrify a much larger portion of the invader’s body. Catania found the eels leapt to attack, rather than receded, more often when the water in the aquarium was lower. He argues the attack lets electric eels better defend themselves during the Amazon dry season. When they’re cornered in small pools, and make easy prey.

Answer - Eels attacks by touching its electricity generating chin which delivers shock directly through the body of the invader resulting in electrifying larger portion and partially submerged land animals receive the maximum amount of shock.

PTE Summarize Written Text Practice with Answers (Practice Test 6)

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Practice with Answers

Summarize Written Text Question 6 - Overqualified worker

If your recruiting efforts attract job applicants with too much experience a near certainty in this weak labour market you should consider a response that runs counter to most hiring managers modus operandi: don’t reject those applicants out of hand. Instead, take a closer look.

New research shows that overqualified workers tend to perform better than other employees, and they don’t quit any sooner. Furthermore, a simple managerial tactic empowerment can mitigate any dissatisfaction they may feel.

The prejudice against too-good employees is pervasive. Companies tend to prefer an applicant who is a perfect fit over someone who brings more intelligence, education, or experience than needed. On the surface, this bias makes sense: Studies have consistently shown that employees who consider themselves overqualified exhibiting her levels of discontent.

But even before the economic downturn, a surplus of overqualified candidates was a global problem, particularly in developing economies, where rising education levels are giving workers more skills that are needed to supply the growing service sectors. If managers can get beyond the conventional wisdom, the growing pool of too-good applicants is a great opportunity.

Berrin Erdogan and Talya N. Bauer of Portland State University in Oregon found that overqualified workers’ feelings of dissatisfaction can be dissipated by giving them autonomy in decision making. At stores where employees didn’t feel empowered, over-educated workers expressed greater dissatisfaction than their colleagues did and were more likely to state an intention to quit. But that difference vanished where self-reported autonomy was high.

Answer - According to new research, overqualified applicants is a good opportunity as they perform better but they feel dissatisfied sooner, which can be eliminated by providing them autonomy in decision making.

PTE Summarize Written Text Samples Practice Test 5

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Samples

PTE Summarize Written Text Samples Question 5 - Orbital Debris

For decades, space experts have worried that a speeding bit of orbital debris might one day smash a large spacecraft into hundreds of pieces and start a chain reaction, a slow cascade of collisions that would expand for centuries, spreading chaos through the heavens. In the last decade or so, as scientists came to agree that the number of objects in orbit had surpassed a critical mass or, in their terms, the critical spatial density, the point at which a chain reaction becomes inevitable they grew more anxious.

Early this year, after a half-century of growth, the federal list of detectable objects (four inches wide or larger) reached 10,000, including dead satellites, spent rocket stages, a camera, a hand tool and junkyards of whirling debris left over from chance explosions and destructive tests. So our billion dollars of satellites are at risk.

As space experts have worried that orbital debris might one day smash a large spacecraft into pieces and start a chain reaction, the scientist recently came to agree that the number of orbital debris had surpassed the critical spatial density, which will inevitably lead to a chain reaction that puts our billion dollars of satellites at risk.

Answer - Space experts are worried for decades about orbital debris that have surpassed the critical spatial density, may smash large spacecraft into pieces resulting in a cascade of collisions and creating risk for billion-dollar satellites.

PTE Summarize Written Text with Answers Practice Test 4

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text with Answers

PTE Summarize Written Text with Answers Practice Test 4

Summarize Written Text Question 4 - Cities

How can we design great cities from scratch if we cannot agree on what makes them great? None of the cities where people most want to live such as London, New York, Paris and Hong Kong comes near to being at the top of surveys asking which are best to live in.

The top three in the most recent Economist Intelligence Units livability ranking, for example, were Melbourne, Vancouver and Vienna. They are all perfectly pleasant, but great? The first question to tackle is the difference between livability and greatness. Perhaps we cannot aspire to make a great city, but if we attempt to make a livable one, can it in time become great?

There are some fundamental elements that you need. The first is public space. Whether it is Vienna’s Ringstrasse and Prater park, or the beaches of Melbourne and Vancouver, these are places that allow the city to pause and the citizens to mingle and to breathe, regardless of class or wealth. Good cities also seem to be close to nature, and all three have easy access to varied, wonderful landscapes and topographies.

A second crucial factor, says Ricky Burdett, a professor of urban studies at the London School of Economics, is a good transport system. Affordable public transport is the one thing which cuts across all successful cities, he says.

Answer - The factors such as an easy access to various landscapes, public space for citizens to breathe and an affordable public transportation are crucial for designing a great city.

Tuesday, October 30, 2018

PTE Summarize Written Text Examples - Practice Test 3

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Examples

Summarize Written Text PTE

Summarize Written Text Question 3 - Water

Water is at the core of sustainable development. Water resources, and the range of services they provide underpin poverty reduction, economic growth and environmental sustainability. From food and energy security to human and environmental health, water contributes to improvements in social well- being and inclusive growth, affecting the livelihoods of billions. In a sustainable world that is achievable in the near future, water and related resources are managed in support of human well-being and ecosystem integrity in a robust economy.

Sufficient and safe water is made available to meet every person’s basic needs, with healthy lifestyles and behaviours easily upheld through reliable and affordable water supply and sanitation services, in turn, supported by equitably extended and efficiently managed infrastructure. Water resources management, infrastructure and service delivery are sustainably financed. Water is duly valued in all its forms, with wastewater treated as a resource that avails energy, nutrients and freshwater for reuse.

Answer - Water, which improves the social well-being and affects the livelihood of billions, is a core of sustainable development due to which its resources are managed for integrity in the ecosystem.

PTE Summarize Written Text Practice Test 2

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

PTE Summarize Written Text Practice

Summarize Written Text PTE

Summarize Written Text Question 2 - Nurse Sharks

Nurse sharks are nocturnal animals, spending the day in large inactive groups of up to 40 individuals. Hidden under submerged ledges or in crevices within the reef, the Nurse sharks seem to prefer specific resting sites and will return to them each day after the nights hunting. By night, the sharks are largely solitary. Nurse sharks spend most of their time foraging through the bottom sediments in search of food. Their diet consists primarily of crustaceans, molluscs, tunicates and other fish such as spiny lobsters, crabs, shrimps, sea urchins, octopuses, squid, marine snails and bivalves and in particularly, stingrays.

Nurse sharks are thought to take advantage of dormant fish which would otherwise be too fast for the sharks to catch, although their small mouths limit the size of prey items, the sharks have large throat cavities which are used as a sort of bellows valve. In this way, Nurse sharks are able to suck in their prey. Nurse sharks are also known to graze algae and coral. Nurse sharks have been observed resting on the bottom with their bodies supported on their fins, possibly providing a false shelter for crustaceans which they then ambush and eat.

Answer - Nurse Sharks, spend most of the time either foraging through the bottom to find food or resting at specific sites, hunts at night and spends the day in large inactive groups.

Summarize Written Text PTE

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Summarize Written Text PTE

PTE Summarize Written Text

Summarize Written Text Question 1 - Online learning

What makes teaching online unique is that it uses the Internet, especially the World Wide Web, as the primary means of communication. Thus, when you teach online, you don’t have to be someplace to teach. You don’t have to lug your briefcase full of papers or your laptop to a classroom, stand at a lectern, scribble on a chalkboard, or grade papers in a stuffy room while your students take a test. You don’t even have to sit in your office waiting for students to show up for conferences. You can hold “office hours” on weekends or at night after dinner.

You can do all this while living in a small town in Wyoming or a big city like Bangkok, even if you’re working for a college whose administrative offices are located in Florida or Dubai. You can attend an important conference in Hawaii on the same day that you teach your class in New Jersey, longing on from your laptop via the local cafe’s wireless hot sport or your hotel room’s high-speed network.

Online learning offers more freedom for students as well. They can search for courses using the Web, scouring their institution or even the world for programs, classes and instructors that fit their needs. Having found an appropriate course, they can enrol and register, shop for their books, read articles, listen to lectures, submit their homework assignments, confer with their instructors, and receive their final grades – all online. They can assemble in virtual classrooms, joining other students from diverse geographical locales, forging bond and friendships not possible in conventional classrooms, which are usually limited to students from a specific geographical area.

Answer - Online teaching provide freedom to both teachers and students as teachers need not to be at a specific place to teach because they use internet as the medium of communication, whereas, students can enroll, register, submit assignments and receive grades- all online.